Thanks for your suggestion! Unfortunately, it did not work.
I used the Domain Designer to set it as a field. When I opened up the ad-hoc editor, it appeared under the list of Fields as expected.
When adding it to the workspace as a field, e.g. to the rows, it comically lists every unique value in the field, pretty much as expected. There's no obvious path from here.
When I right click on the listing and select "Use as measure", it moves it to the measures list as expected. When I add it to the workspace, it attempts to run query with the incorrect aggregation method again, causing the error.